{"id":"W3113152292","doi":"10.1146/annurev-publhealth-082619-104231","title":"Declining Life Expectancy in the United States: Missing the Trees for the Forest","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"review","venue":"Annual Review of Public Health","topic":"Global Health Care Issues","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":142,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"","keywords":"Life expectancy; Homicide; Demography; Ethnic group; Gerontology; Psychological intervention; Medicine; Race (biology); Suicide prevention; Cognitive decline; Injury prevention; Disease; Poison control; Environmental health; Political science; Population; Psychiatry; Biology; Dementia; Sociology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","sts","research_integrity"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.02722057,0.0007312553,0.004087579,0.0002638059,0.001784812,0.00005298261,0.002663592,0.000401628,0.00008623378],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02499413,0.000311566,0.0008340332,0.00348692,0.0002355041,0.0001898848,0.0003379781,0.002756488,0.0001202826],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006667886,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.01446045,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.002875754,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002277419,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9760165,0.01493827,0.005368654,0.0007169872,0.001027207,0.001932375],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.959039,0.0326992,0.004626859,0.001822908,0.001058466,0.0007535036],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00000367232,0.00004479825,0.00002239195,0.2303662,0.00005835398,0.000002191175,0.01162815,1.880494e-7,9.22708e-11,0.002518619,0.1813344,0.574021],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002023834,0.0002180431,0.00006678676,0.1821169,0.0001719932,0.000005344947,0.02016412,0.00002522894,2.034051e-10,0.000119667,0.7967172,0.0001923299],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"review","genre_gemma":"review","genre_scores_codex":[0.000001236723,0.7931263,0.0002736668,0.1926092,0.0007065653,0.01229191,0.0006480612,0.00006286233,0.0002801424],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.00001306976,0.8987383,0.000187233,0.09629787,0.0009786058,0.002803389,0.0008235163,0.0001033105,0.00005468691],"genre_candidate":"review","genre_consensus":"review","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6153828,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999337,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.3513481546193883,"score_gpt":0.5699314061192674,"score_spread":0.2185832514998791,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}