{"id":"W3113174703","doi":"10.3390/galaxies8040088","title":"Classification of Planetary Nebulae through Deep Transfer Learning","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Galaxies","topic":"Stellar, planetary, and galactic studies","field":"Physics and Astronomy","cited_by":21,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Los Alamos National Laboratory; Science and Technology Facilities Council; Planetary Science Division; Science Mission Directorate; Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory; Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie; Eötvös Loránd Tudományegyetem; Universiti Sains Malaysia; Space Telescope Science Institute; National Central University; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation; Queen's University; University of Edinburgh; Johns Hopkins University; Universiti Malaysia Sarawak; Queen's University Belfast; National Aeronautics and Space Administration; Smithsonian Institution; Durham University; University of Manchester; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Planetary nebula; Observatory; Deep learning; Nebula; Transfer of learning; Telescope","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001084703,0.0006363856,0.0003360151,0.0009538752,0.0002584912,0.0006132331,0.0008263749,0.0005441741,0.001068867],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001912412,0.0001446876,0.000321926,0.0006168052,0.000390503,0.001377239,0.0007548296,0.0006628216,0.00049011],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000748535,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004906745,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005635316,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005426799,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997985,0.00003967929,0.00001086152,0.0000544467,0.00004985976,0.00004678146],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994235,0.0002255578,0.00006367266,0.00008897027,0.0001515209,0.00004685615],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003613748,0.0006637594,0.05314344,0.0001245915,0.0001711595,0.0002007834,0.0001274015,0.3271222,0.02308845,0.001924481,0.003984329,0.5890881],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007940694,0.0000731846,0.004520762,0.000007041689,0.00001113044,0.000029901,0.0000358589,0.9859315,0.00737688,0.001349911,0.0006504466,0.000005442221],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8720293,0.0009828157,0.1198952,0.0004198185,0.00007784785,0.00008285651,0.0004112705,0.002219266,0.003881657],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9682169,0.0001493939,0.02861589,0.0001294548,0.00002152269,0.000023725,0.0008178594,0.00002770481,0.001997615],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005635316,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01120502,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02583665847525891,"score_gpt":0.2264269081918311,"score_spread":0.2005902497165722,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}