{"id":"W3114105378","doi":"10.5539/hes.v11n1p65","title":"Obstacles of Teaching Science in Saudi Universities and the Proposed Solutions during the COVID-19","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Higher Education Studies","topic":"Education and Technology Integration","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Ranking (information retrieval); Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Relation (database); Rank (graph theory); Sample (material); Curriculum; Obstacle; Homogeneous; Mathematics education; Psychology; Higher education; Medical education; Pedagogy; Political science; Mathematics; Computer science; Chemistry; Medicine; Artificial intelligence","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":["sts"],"category_scores_codex":[0.0007453815,0.00004538129,0.00007971102,0.00008162675,0.001817156,0.00003212143,0.0001887878,0.00002213066,0.00002516032],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005474757,0.00002767162,0.00001531876,0.0004739492,0.003209495,0.000169734,0.00006133212,0.0001168361,0.00000172509],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000222523,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009892331,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00132597,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0006684914,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9993202,0.0001862288,0.0001122642,0.0001147514,0.0001568244,0.0001097412],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9993426,0.0003003345,0.00008498798,0.000082005,0.0001527887,0.00003729044],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000007670575,0.00002310378,0.01271523,0.00001630891,0.000008883857,4.543023e-8,0.1621432,0.000003966481,0.0001420869,0.823444,0.001357044,0.0001384749],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002207483,0.000007011705,0.04604438,0.00001295522,0.00001337157,3.436201e-7,0.9027648,0.000003545666,0.00006216386,0.005536574,0.04528604,0.0000480594],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.732554,0.001463527,0.000009529356,0.2612318,0.0003010579,0.0001725678,8.225613e-7,0.00003297369,0.004233665],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996385,0.0003454861,0.00008680156,0.00135017,0.00006356007,0.00001917875,3.393933e-7,0.000001671601,0.001747763],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8179074,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9995032,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.08232738208968299,"score_gpt":0.3928603133164131,"score_spread":0.3105329312267301,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}