{"id":"W3116681383","doi":"10.2147/clep.s288677","title":"&lt;p&gt;Retraction of COVID-19 Pharmacoepidemiology Research Could Have Been Avoided by Effective Use of Reporting Guidelines&lt;/p&gt;","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Clinical Epidemiology","topic":"Meta-analysis and systematic reviews","field":"Decision Sciences","cited_by":19,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Ottawa Hospital; University of Ottawa; Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences; SickKids Foundation; University of Toronto","funders":"Wellcome Trust","keywords":"Pharmacoepidemiology; Medicine; Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19); Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2); 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak; Internal medicine; Pediatrics; Pharmacology; Virology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[{"model":"gemma","categories":["metaresearch"],"domain":"reporting","study_design":"not_applicable","genre":"commentary","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"low","status":"direct model label, unvalidated"},{"model":"gpt","categories":["metaresearch","research_integrity"],"domain":"reporting","study_design":"not_applicable","genre":"commentary","about_ca_system":false,"about_ca_topic":false,"confidence":"high","status":"direct model label, unvalidated"}],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch","metaepi_narrow","metaepi_broad","research_integrity","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":["metaresearch"],"category_scores_codex":[0.7718416,0.0005746224,0.01865631,0.0005222579,0.0002472024,0.00004998092,0.002453486,0.00134671,0.003819326],"category_scores_gemma":[0.990419,0.0003289512,0.005182189,0.002042888,0.001807079,0.0002983624,0.0007603153,0.002112293,0.0007120386],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001212351,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005554787,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002435616,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00007330786,"domain_scores_codex":[0.2999808,0.5099773,0.1754088,0.006363982,0.006262695,0.002006357],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.06400152,0.8183919,0.09999215,0.005532914,0.009988187,0.002093378],"domain_codex":"methods","domain_gemma":"methods","domain_candidate":"methods","domain_consensus":"methods","study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002409203,0.0001188333,0.2979188,0.0001772315,0.000493241,0.00001725315,0.0001045384,0.0009689668,0.003814006,0.001575793,0.6846203,0.009950118],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001005492,0.0009566558,0.0431314,0.00008513145,0.0005150842,0.00003848635,0.000177807,0.1038889,0.0001742381,0.01576312,0.8339031,0.0003605705],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.5864253,0.007498905,0.2657209,0.1314508,0.002167793,0.004634505,0.0002893001,0.00005572721,0.00175674],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9246048,0.002483248,0.0298527,0.03895615,0.001327893,0.0002372525,0.0001423659,0.00006650183,0.002329149],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3381794,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999498,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.9713400994553343,"score_gpt":0.7444786273701581,"score_spread":0.2268614720851762,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}