{"id":"W3117011054","doi":"10.3389/ffgc.2020.613523","title":"Impacts of Climatic Variation on the Growth of Black Spruce Across the Forest-Tundra Ecotone: Positive Effects of Warm Growing Seasons and Heat Waves Are Offset by Late Spring Frosts","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Frontiers in Forests and Global Change","topic":"Tree-ring climate responses","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto; Université Laval","funders":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; Royal Canadian Geographical Society; Université Laval","keywords":"Ecotone; Tundra; Growing season; Taiga; Climate change; Environmental science; Boreal; Black spruce; Tree line; Climatology; Physical geography; Ecology; Geography; Ecosystem; Geology; Biology; Shrub","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004776129,0.0002548341,0.0002224514,0.0003373369,0.0002802748,0.0004345802,0.0001843606,0.0001855077,0.0004745984],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0005306807,0.00009200136,0.0002569655,0.0003770888,0.0003204293,0.0002383242,0.0002985351,0.0002187201,0.0000668539],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003789177,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003231005,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02729096,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.06372562,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9998143,0.00005355821,0.00001042819,0.0000666345,0.00002374022,0.00003137312],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995818,0.00008037503,0.0001238006,0.00003729802,0.00007147251,0.0001052656],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001310064,0.00003392959,0.9757127,0.00001872895,0.0001044235,0.00006719475,0.0002850839,0.0004071009,0.01961927,0.00004041538,0.00005364451,0.003526582],"study_design_scores_gemma":[4.123042e-7,0.000007673189,0.9997211,7.209906e-7,0.000004024482,0.000008224973,0.00005775114,0.00009300498,0.00006872226,0.000006191407,0.00003137857,7.680031e-7],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9995135,0.00008707008,0.00007366758,0.00001918531,0.000002465597,0.000001165281,0.00009655849,0.000003406004,0.000202905],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9996989,0.00004032128,0.00007165445,0.0000174227,0.000002600115,0.000002183032,0.0001112646,0.000001740837,0.00005400597],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02729096,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.05426425,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0119706113428633,"score_gpt":0.2259672620281976,"score_spread":0.2139966506853343,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}