{"id":"W3117097771","doi":"10.3390/su122410631","title":"Recycling Untreated Coal Bottom Ash with Added Value for Mitigating Alkali–Silica Reaction in Concrete: A Sustainable Approach","year":2020,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Sustainability","topic":"Coal and Its By-products","field":"Earth and Planetary Sciences","cited_by":57,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Western University","funders":"","keywords":"Alkali–silica reaction; Portland cement; Pozzolan; Pozzolanic activity; Waste management; Pozzolanic reaction; Coal; Cement; Materials science; Bottom ash; Fly ash; Mortar; Environmental science; Calcium hydroxide; Raw material; Metallurgy; Pulp and paper industry; Composite material; Engineering; Chemistry; Chemical engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0003676053,0.0005475763,0.0004783761,0.001199774,0.0003931316,0.0009506919,0.0005390432,0.000726697,0.001261048],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001153154,0.0002545417,0.0006834578,0.0005415765,0.0003525831,0.0009590476,0.0006649743,0.000581953,0.0003958236],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0005421113,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0008027013,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009112569,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005359345,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9997506,0.00002811853,0.00001682673,0.00003514304,0.0001300272,0.00003933308],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9999062,0.000006754301,0.00003083879,0.000007881952,0.00003338554,0.00001487044],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001094313,0.0003165677,0.001579185,0.001497212,0.00005501333,0.0004656885,0.0001148678,0.002447924,0.9298605,0.001680401,0.000416903,0.0614564],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002790402,0.001668718,0.005316193,0.0004709953,0.0002743728,0.0008749861,0.0005881599,0.007557267,0.936524,0.002325114,0.04430193,0.00007026739],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8784411,0.05940533,0.04598349,0.001555106,0.0002459939,0.0003523629,0.0003076056,0.0002519663,0.01345719],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9486133,0.02249492,0.0225267,0.0002265265,0.00004882781,0.00007297489,0.0001239015,0.00003067812,0.005862093],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.001261048,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.004218638,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01456877503951989,"score_gpt":0.2200980616276733,"score_spread":0.2055292865881534,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}