{"id":"W3118711312","doi":"10.2196/23538","title":"Diagnostic Accuracy of Detecting Diabetic Retinopathy by Using Digital Fundus Photographs in the Peripheral Health Facilities of Bangladesh: Validation Study","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"JMIR Public Health and Surveillance","topic":"Retinal Diseases and Treatments","field":"Medicine","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh","keywords":"Medicine; Diabetic retinopathy; Gold standard (test); Cohen's kappa; Optometry; Fundus (uterus); Retinopathy; Logistic regression; Diabetes mellitus; Ophthalmology; Receiver operating characteristic; Eye examination; Ophthalmoscopy; Kappa; Internal medicine; Visual acuity; Retinal","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004263483,0.0006814246,0.0004511515,0.000983484,0.0004514657,0.0006797532,0.0007912359,0.0006862574,0.0008796444],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0148711,0.0004955716,0.0007643062,0.0007688844,0.0006701295,0.0005693655,0.000820878,0.0004600828,0.0003876402],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0006959355,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004092359,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.006809234,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006461328,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9969558,0.001255597,0.0004423915,0.0006457953,0.0005052958,0.0001952181],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9900886,0.00352387,0.002714152,0.001268837,0.00200004,0.0004043768],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003408003,0.0001130948,0.9962154,0.00003016706,0.00009182336,0.000047264,0.0003606503,0.0001109359,0.0004084864,0.00001128104,0.00006110824,0.002208796],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005921628,0.0008145634,0.9962041,0.00002849885,0.00007841105,0.0003167176,0.000573472,0.001141099,0.0005286142,0.00002416697,0.0002158622,0.00001525762],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.999113,0.00005985003,0.0001695726,0.000013323,0.000003964352,0.00005865214,0.0002627874,0.0000045414,0.0003143187],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9992538,0.00003719065,0.0002731282,0.00001165318,0.000002311274,0.00003495721,0.0003299917,0.000001344559,0.00005565456],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006809234,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02254766,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.04169079547249236,"score_gpt":0.3299993442784502,"score_spread":0.2883085488059578,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}