{"id":"W3121008802","doi":"10.1002/bies.202000163","title":"Accounting for variation in and overuse of antibiotics among humans","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"BioEssays","topic":"Antibiotic Use and Resistance","field":"Immunology and Microbiology","cited_by":63,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University","funders":"National Institutes of Health; Fondation Leducq; Canadian Institute for Advanced Research","keywords":"Antibiotics; Commodity; Antibiotic Stewardship; Business; Perspective (graphical); Stewardship (theology); Variation (astronomy); Accounting; Intensive care medicine; Marketing; Medicine; Antibiotic resistance; Finance; Political science; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001303995,0.00005777579,0.0001401004,0.00003955824,0.00005063902,0.000006498442,0.000041667,0.000137147,0.00002899876],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00007902607,0.00005302424,0.00002709475,0.00007535047,0.00008755649,0.00004782956,0.00002941289,0.00005716292,0.000003098702],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00000726744,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002749726,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00006067861,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001925898,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9995304,0.00002912749,0.0001628495,0.0001415514,0.00001309988,0.0001229316],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996879,0.00008048364,0.00007603681,0.0001010327,0.0000497726,0.000004772848],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002843145,0.00009331515,0.2238012,0.0001405051,0.00004407197,0.000003358949,0.0005891745,0.000001845389,0.7652008,0.009536801,0.0002208013,0.0003397649],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001055601,0.00003663072,0.7062947,0.0001438685,0.00002522792,0.000003505295,0.0004931943,0.00002231213,0.2899699,0.0004690134,0.001376475,0.0001096019],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9967748,0.001275998,0.0008521145,0.00005496415,0.0002013626,0.00008726805,0.00002307591,0.000009414267,0.0007209899],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988321,0.0001475381,0.0003534553,0.00003031857,0.0000149904,1.63383e-7,0.00002289789,0.000005063971,0.00059348],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4824935,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2162266,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01081926436962324,"score_gpt":0.2350902432730032,"score_spread":0.2242709789033799,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}