{"id":"W3121140492","doi":"10.5547/01956574.37.4.nriv","title":"Free Riding on Energy Efficiency Subsidies: The Case of Natural Gas Furnaces in Canada","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"The Energy Journal","topic":"Energy, Environment, and Transportation Policies","field":"Energy","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Ottawa; Global Affairs Canada","funders":"Natural Resources Canada; Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Canada Research Chairs","keywords":"Subsidy; Distribution (mathematics); Tax credit; Economics; Greenhouse gas; Efficient energy use; Free riding; Energy subsidies; Natural experiment; Natural resource economics; Agricultural economics; Public economics; Business; Energy policy; Renewable energy; Microeconomics; Incentive; Market economy; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001918265,0.0004076365,0.0009030664,0.001207026,0.004580426,0.003380953,0.001822838,0.001501691,0.004679836],"category_scores_gemma":[0.007232281,0.0003309365,0.000938184,0.002557843,0.001794752,0.001056116,0.00180182,0.002368036,0.0001468901],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.07109297,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.06177367,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9968797,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9981566,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9962038,0.0003637281,0.0000604099,0.0001987163,0.000491754,0.002681541],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9957534,0.001357733,0.0005466875,0.0001437046,0.001215115,0.0009833132],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001291021,0.0007872371,0.6207029,0.000411977,0.0006299609,0.004383421,0.004985093,0.1382334,0.00231526,0.1572896,0.02348576,0.0454843],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006458366,0.0003579464,0.6816749,0.0003480354,0.001163775,0.0006498463,0.04295429,0.202635,0.002666408,0.02117751,0.04536958,0.000356866],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9779209,0.0006765889,0.0006710708,0.003016207,0.00002333679,0.00007612351,0.001015708,0.00002385362,0.01657623],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960709,0.0003221672,0.0002964787,0.0001538583,0.000006458549,0.00001049987,0.0002679685,0.000005115237,0.002866642],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.07109297,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.515818,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01012281486872779,"score_gpt":0.2137407144088657,"score_spread":0.2036178995401379,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}