{"id":"W3121248052","doi":"","title":"The Political Geography of Tax H(E)Avens and Tax Hells","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Local Government Finance and Decentralization","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":11,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University","funders":"","keywords":"Economics; Public economics; Population; Tax reform; Indirect tax; Ad valorem tax; Politics; Value-added tax; Tax policy; Geography; Political science; Demography; Sociology; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00098734,0.00005646585,0.00007965569,0.00002574983,0.000532423,0.00005617505,0.0001421351,0.00004894495,0.00001578191],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000104688,0.00003972383,0.00005884099,0.0001814109,0.0002611945,0.0001212228,0.00001473227,0.0003336059,0.000003448849],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002347535,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006037867,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0009263954,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005146938,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978544,0.00009769986,0.0001607776,0.00007808893,0.0003653761,0.001443706],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9996248,0.00007169995,0.00009650968,0.00006279362,0.00005653625,0.00008761385],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001843968,0.00002143722,0.05021251,7.021849e-7,0.00002025811,9.895726e-7,0.0001584737,0.000001297558,0.00002138045,0.9409428,0.0001489975,0.008452693],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0004192561,0.0002061103,0.01301251,0.00001536869,0.00002880327,0.00005031948,0.0109464,0.00002377732,0.0000966757,0.8596376,0.1154463,0.0001168847],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9321462,0.008114272,0.00971047,0.02164776,0.0003764521,0.000259717,0.000006460683,0.00002465174,0.02771402],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.965224,0.03303886,0.00000982253,0.0001394306,0.0001899902,9.923945e-7,3.505053e-7,0.000004302654,0.001392236],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1152973,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4095021,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.006089472198152473,"score_gpt":0.2557703692402643,"score_spread":0.2496808970421118,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}