{"id":"W3121273612","doi":"","title":"Participation in Adult Schooling and Its Earnings Impact in Canada","year":2006,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Analytical Studies Branch Research Paper Series","topic":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":36,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Earnings; Certificate; Wage; Human capital; Demographic economics; Labour economics; Investment (military); Rate of return; Economics; Business; Political science; Finance; Economic growth","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001529288,0.0001325331,0.0004397391,0.0002108159,0.0001353059,0.00007128367,0.0001106351,0.00005204025,0.0000742863],"category_scores_gemma":[0.002110937,0.0001253625,0.00003651017,0.0007722451,0.0001020436,0.0003909822,0.0001335048,0.0003754873,0.00001282895],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007173826,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001404192,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.7953116,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9492318,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981447,0.00009768285,0.0006111187,0.0003783211,0.0001378921,0.0006303171],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991482,0.0003691898,0.00006881951,0.0001466725,0.0001778375,0.00008924882],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00005203202,0.0000363314,0.860638,0.00005209999,0.00003423362,0.00002200728,0.0001631798,0.0002806487,0.000009997959,0.1382789,0.0001455137,0.000287134],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003780719,0.00004490782,0.9499995,0.00003646638,0.000001617963,5.170861e-7,0.0002931095,0.004525689,0.000007623826,0.04360208,0.0009590752,0.0001513295],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9899698,0.004660106,0.000003989673,0.002422491,0.00004099921,0.0001547665,0.00003831371,0.000006434523,0.002703078],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.996945,0.002598028,0.00001374947,0.00008975886,0.00005211214,0.00004215858,0.000006111196,0.00001151452,0.0002415272],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1539201,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.5112134,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.06228917519211466,"score_gpt":0.3484388087203569,"score_spread":0.2861496335282423,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}