{"id":"W3121308946","doi":"10.31235/osf.io/uh4bn","title":"Beyond Refusal to Deal: A Cross-Atlantic View of Copyright, Competition and Innovation Policies","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"","topic":"Intellectual Property Law","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Intellectual property; License; Competition (biology); Context (archaeology); Law and economics; Competition law; European union; Doctrine; Law; Expansive; Business; Rule of reason; Political science; Economics; International trade; Monopoly; Market economy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004278749,0.00005854736,0.0001102538,0.0001390149,0.0001836536,0.0000479444,0.0001007561,0.00005217356,0.001074317],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002306134,0.00003449854,0.00001312707,0.0005637293,0.0003799839,0.0001808637,0.00003897123,0.00002686204,0.0001050276],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00004837498,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00006558559,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003775707,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.003432658,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992316,0.0000701522,0.0002050835,0.0001197385,0.0002037976,0.0001696597],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994015,0.0001374036,0.0000485917,0.00007574247,0.0002941754,0.00004256274],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001915219,0.00001413971,0.001979413,0.00001146619,0.000004561644,2.237429e-7,0.00265557,8.764282e-8,0.01179523,0.9770612,0.001846783,0.004612152],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007014835,0.000444428,0.0134401,0.000259293,0.00001457929,0.000004301534,0.0007207422,0.0000146201,0.04447802,0.07964827,0.8598782,0.0003959967],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7339926,0.00001870335,0.001601463,0.005855418,0.00007004115,0.0002248881,0.000004156911,0.00005388143,0.2581789],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9915906,0.00003973774,0.0006718383,0.000837332,0.000078875,0.000005015896,0.000001470483,0.000005643785,0.006769541],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.897413,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998388,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0414283590597217,"score_gpt":0.347156264151279,"score_spread":0.3057279050915573,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}