{"id":"W3121401679","doi":"","title":"Unusual Trade or Market Manipulation? How Market Abuse Is Detected by Securities Regulators, Trading Venues and Self-Regulatory Organizations","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Securities Regulation and Market Practices","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of New Brunswick","funders":"","keywords":"Market manipulation; Business; Insider trading; Capital market; Financial market; Market microstructure; Alternative trading system; Third market; Investment banking; Intermediary; Finance; Algorithmic trading; Order (exchange)","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001609258,0.0003122284,0.0002733662,0.0003653217,0.0005800739,0.0009815474,0.0002662544,0.0001577428,0.0004186636],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0002930014,0.0002938931,0.000067367,0.0006972608,0.00009138665,0.003125801,0.00005972114,0.0006966946,0.000006065171],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0004146847,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005310357,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0000342823,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002627832,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9973887,0.0001052114,0.00036801,0.0003280668,0.0005292474,0.001280805],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989067,0.0001115557,0.0004640777,0.000211307,0.0002300566,0.00007633587],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00148197,0.0007040839,0.04003181,0.0004800412,0.001640553,0.00004617095,0.00668805,0.00001673276,0.0004912557,0.1047925,0.8274447,0.01618214],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.005987832,0.0002260402,0.04255274,0.0002016287,0.0008362659,0.001291547,0.02956889,0.02427749,0.0001782305,0.07067233,0.8224965,0.001710539],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9799145,0.006969313,0.0008071453,0.005682386,0.0006980099,0.0004453102,0.0000164074,0.0004250684,0.005041867],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9919097,0.001387236,0.0001034426,0.0006254641,0.001173683,0.000009020974,0.00003331095,0.00008329241,0.004674836],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03412021,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999513,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01021739413532112,"score_gpt":0.2178913491190124,"score_spread":0.2076739549836913,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}