{"id":"W3121423714","doi":"10.3386/w14124","title":"The Lengthening of Childhood","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"National Bureau of Economic Research","topic":"Early Childhood Education and Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Graduation (instrument); Attendance; Quarter (Canadian coin); Socioeconomic status; Educational attainment; Demography; Psychology; Demographic economics; Medicine; Political science; Geography; Sociology; Economics; Population; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0004108158,0.0002645348,0.0003254262,0.001085734,0.001564512,0.001962729,0.0003586276,0.0008461,0.02341241],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00185365,0.0001973861,0.0002929812,0.001602081,0.001020475,0.001579992,0.002274805,0.001521464,0.002417873],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002092446,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001407657,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02256168,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02669434,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999508,0.00003542909,0.0000234692,0.0001671397,0.0001139805,0.0001519586],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.998635,0.0001198597,0.0004245335,0.0001128868,0.000263502,0.000444219],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005982645,0.0001880228,0.3015695,0.00124174,0.0001108994,0.002042073,0.0159399,0.0008526723,0.009180608,0.1317792,0.04695249,0.4895447],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001161486,0.0001588726,0.6615365,0.0005331042,0.00004389978,0.002305861,0.003029764,0.00008719207,0.001006492,0.005219584,0.3260433,0.00002369675],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7922263,0.04417286,0.002600325,0.02029099,0.001434507,0.0000469177,0.01153604,0.0002630885,0.1274291],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9514351,0.02004946,0.0009114028,0.001904784,0.0004631469,0.00003217587,0.002837099,0.00005269864,0.02231424],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02341241,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07832229,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2952416620786256,"score_gpt":0.5214896061722734,"score_spread":0.2262479440936477,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}