{"id":"W3121558469","doi":"10.1093/aler/ahw007","title":"Defaults, Mandates, and Taxes: Policy Design with Active and Passive Decision-Makers","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"American Law and Economics Review","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":18,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Default; Mandate; Subsidy; Framing (construction); Economics; Public economics; Actuarial science; Microeconomics; Finance; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002355927,0.0002853548,0.0008976235,0.0001202115,0.000158391,0.00008236513,0.0001345556,0.00005817777,0.00004368913],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000102851,0.0002211332,0.00005953183,0.0001095987,0.0007872643,0.0004553481,0.0001085319,0.00009038927,0.00009314487],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001067018,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0000376429,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001109421,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001821074,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9983525,0.00002406252,0.0005603295,0.0006598331,0.00001384866,0.0003894873],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985342,0.0003620209,0.0005059489,0.0003056955,0.00001477642,0.0002773789],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001150106,0.00002550616,0.002949432,0.000195516,0.0001733617,0.000003687599,0.0001163641,0.000002053039,0.000001440615,0.6490492,0.001280724,0.3460877],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002838221,0.000901163,0.01015898,0.00152274,0.00009606854,0.000238617,0.0001905313,0.000243148,0.00006062941,0.349476,0.6327,0.001573988],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.7112367,0.1129131,0.0111567,0.05213631,0.0003367888,0.003459865,0.003466024,0.0001782506,0.1051163],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6844535,0.3012705,0.002703706,0.01114837,0.0001248246,0.00007857606,0.000006825805,0.00005396303,0.0001597092],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.6314192,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9017549,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0171260695277096,"score_gpt":0.2270985251561184,"score_spread":0.2099724556284089,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}