{"id":"W3121593818","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2445363","title":"Elections and De Facto Expenditure Decentralization in Canada","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Polytechnique Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Decentralization; De facto; Political science; Economics; Development economics; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001677961,0.0002236828,0.00100356,0.00243085,0.007000354,0.0047565,0.00140347,0.001248687,0.0144291],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00722943,0.0003750444,0.0006472141,0.005413191,0.002285646,0.001041349,0.002881195,0.002399721,0.0005254979],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0967883,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.1011668,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9966058,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9986988,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9966893,0.0001679764,0.00008814089,0.0002099771,0.0004962336,0.002348403],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9937402,0.0008382723,0.001029279,0.0001843614,0.001862596,0.00234527],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001708009,0.0004352505,0.7974207,0.0002383907,0.000310211,0.0007002805,0.02010422,0.00677714,0.0008747789,0.08721234,0.02360396,0.06061469],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007280712,0.00005088222,0.9608507,0.00008234783,0.00007744219,0.00005105112,0.01114043,0.001813427,0.0002395404,0.001580778,0.0239851,0.00005554859],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9704322,0.00106913,0.0001157855,0.00496788,0.00003812674,0.00003233936,0.001567474,0.00002404527,0.02175294],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9894155,0.0003016578,0.00004392171,0.000165489,0.0000144674,0.00000612694,0.0003233894,0.000009016366,0.009720428],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0967883,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.7022516,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01088354035813529,"score_gpt":0.2846329047212242,"score_spread":0.2737493643630889,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}