{"id":"W3121621993","doi":"","title":"The Patent Paradox Revisited: An Empirical Study of Patenting in the US Semiconductor Industry, 1979-95","year":2000,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","topic":"Economic Growth and Productivity","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Quest University Canada","funders":"Air Force Office of Scientific Research; U.S. Air Force; Alfred P. Sloan Foundation","keywords":"Semiconductor industry; Patent portfolio; Portfolio; Business; Capital (architecture); Economics; Industrial organization; Intellectual property; Finance; Engineering; Political science; Law; Geography","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003871353,0.0001034159,0.0004010597,0.003646919,0.001583405,0.001736418,0.0006453779,0.001094198,0.001284944],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02833943,0.0001297585,0.0002196231,0.008442301,0.002068898,0.003403719,0.001162337,0.001021811,0.0001763832],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002482102,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001998796,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.02150605,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02602856,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988402,0.00030147,0.0001128063,0.0001435067,0.0004513088,0.0001508294],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9795288,0.01319065,0.004529508,0.0005239597,0.001537655,0.000689549],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004496229,0.0006700549,0.7712916,0.0002420704,0.000119224,0.002247538,0.04758718,0.003031239,0.001694485,0.03367453,0.005715937,0.1332765],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00005247576,0.0002115812,0.9282815,0.0001184454,0.00005516074,0.001170692,0.03172015,0.003637713,0.001204066,0.0129614,0.02054333,0.00004348037],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9932014,0.001635464,0.0002932023,0.001031735,0.00000609681,0.00001099562,0.0001018068,0.000003917869,0.003715455],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982528,0.0009494268,0.0001129075,0.000133203,0.00001228283,0.000006832203,0.00009562674,0.000002441122,0.0004345228],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02150605,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04276174,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1438545440373678,"score_gpt":0.3381899609636581,"score_spread":0.1943354169262903,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}