{"id":"W3121629385","doi":"","title":"Through the Roof: The High Cost of Barriers to Building New Housing in Canadian Municipalities","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"C.D. Howe Institute Commentary","topic":"Canadian Policy and Governance","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Revenue; Fiscal year; Business; Legislature; Government (linguistics); Accountability; Government revenue; Economic policy; Economics; Finance; Public economics; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0005008624,0.0001103553,0.0001392461,0.00007208256,0.001358155,0.00008179438,0.0007940077,0.00005545721,0.0001760812],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003446885,0.00008477555,0.00004386974,0.0005442813,0.001032561,0.0003500496,0.00008796079,0.000171624,0.000008159362],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007910011,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00176948,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9987348,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9995151,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986938,0.0001293417,0.0002000753,0.0001526708,0.0002264193,0.0005977213],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9990397,0.000121156,0.00007092476,0.0003359657,0.00003459892,0.0003976608],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"not_applicable","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001891806,0.000006620243,0.003422537,0.00000465333,0.00002731384,0.00001326802,0.1193875,0.0003001614,0.00001532566,0.1838968,0.6882354,0.00467148],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001611348,0.00001880184,0.001820687,0.00007478691,0.000008873262,7.835181e-7,0.008456198,0.000009275964,0.0001680227,0.00221809,0.9869509,0.0001123995],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":"not_applicable","genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4382528,0.0002422338,0.0000517482,0.5491073,0.001309667,0.0005463483,0.0002153994,0.00001506488,0.01025946],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.8700916,0.00006569362,0.0001734123,0.1284827,0.000722463,0.00001191183,0.000003304933,0.000008386738,0.0004405202],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.4318388,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9999419,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0406407350597124,"score_gpt":0.3274088887641143,"score_spread":0.2867681537044019,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}