{"id":"W3121828033","doi":"10.11575/sppp.v9i0.42611","title":"The Corporate Income Tax in Canada: Does its Past Foretell its Future?","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","topic":"Canadian Policy and Governance","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Income tax; Business; Corporate tax; Public economics; Economics; Double taxation; Tax avoidance","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002056588,0.0006887232,0.0006141935,0.002914037,0.0125014,0.009253275,0.002201329,0.00357503,0.007368002],"category_scores_gemma":[0.008115146,0.0003315042,0.000654317,0.007957142,0.005983871,0.003635591,0.001716762,0.005633686,0.0008327906],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":true,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.1858329,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.2961271,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9960601,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9966909,"domain_scores_codex":[0.996738,0.0001601189,0.00008295699,0.0001946958,0.001875236,0.0009489983],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9947529,0.0003724317,0.0002376785,0.0001486306,0.003522812,0.0009656302],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00008072304,0.00008300397,0.008931183,0.0008979091,0.0000383646,0.0005516618,0.003510443,0.000958454,0.0003936171,0.3736897,0.3713686,0.2394964],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002103756,0.00002643204,0.01927003,0.0007358825,0.00004176738,0.0001387326,0.002935495,0.000563395,0.0003342865,0.01371636,0.9621128,0.0001038799],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"commentary","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01913518,0.2771932,0.001727544,0.5379758,0.006922989,0.0001375635,0.002041365,0.0002255532,0.1546408],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.3417296,0.3874394,0.006803629,0.08144365,0.003043025,0.00008035412,0.001820834,0.0002000779,0.1774393],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.8141671,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9443184,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2079076912539805,"score_gpt":0.5021669444117818,"score_spread":0.2942592531578013,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}