{"id":"W3121893447","doi":"","title":"Employer Resistance to Union Certification: A Study of Eight Canadian Jurisdictions","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Labor Movements and Unions","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Certification; Opposition (politics); Collective bargaining; Norm (philosophy); Business; Resistance (ecology); Political science; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001987558,0.0004248131,0.0005897257,0.003494461,0.01151286,0.001951498,0.001845875,0.0008334292,0.002173313],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00559203,0.0006857344,0.0004926271,0.006558288,0.002441403,0.0006314372,0.002547459,0.001297049,0.0002453236],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.04198452,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.04565665,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9933723,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9975054,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9958252,0.0002873099,0.0001327817,0.0003392233,0.001660438,0.001755079],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9952016,0.0005988368,0.001190049,0.0001654871,0.001809335,0.001034649],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001243883,0.0001922217,0.9174969,0.0001232167,0.00004643027,0.0005809496,0.05677707,0.0001684444,0.0006673476,0.0009377875,0.001911468,0.02097387],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001016501,0.00007971089,0.9506642,0.00005233519,0.00002128814,0.0001764121,0.04490906,0.0002169051,0.0001072927,0.00005938492,0.003674439,0.0000288651],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9975407,0.0001860685,0.00004920048,0.0001721138,0.00000425896,0.00004742053,0.0002123245,0.00000224429,0.001785614],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9982213,0.0003025135,0.0001167075,0.0001398529,0.000002685268,0.00002225719,0.0002104572,0.000003258487,0.0009808828],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04198452,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3046204,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01948415593163129,"score_gpt":0.2729611464542072,"score_spread":0.2534769905225759,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}