{"id":"W3121910874","doi":"","title":"The International Investment Arbitrator's Duty to Apply the Law","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"International Arbitration and Investment Law","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Annulment; Arbitration; Tribunal; Duty; Treaty; Law; Enforcement; Investment (military); State (computer science); Settlement (finance); Constraint (computer-aided design); Political science; Business; Law and economics; Economics; Engineering","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01729379,0.0005248847,0.0007229879,0.001056635,0.004550298,0.01256509,0.001985949,0.01007757,0.005274289],"category_scores_gemma":[0.02581268,0.00061617,0.0006651921,0.001194068,0.0161898,0.006930416,0.005237803,0.01313454,0.001773447],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003187384,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.006906712,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005516466,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005083629,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9849318,0.00362343,0.001309286,0.001995269,0.00620603,0.001934198],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9916875,0.003880468,0.0006564393,0.002020816,0.001454489,0.0003003408],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000004009227,0.000003888816,0.00008616733,0.000005941719,0.000001842619,0.00002687021,0.001008351,0.00005595359,0.00008298882,0.9933978,0.00236338,0.002962737],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000258635,0.00002815951,0.0006327091,0.0002869847,0.00002940097,0.0003252503,0.001000429,0.0009610433,0.0008245541,0.6459415,0.349895,0.0000491403],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.01168024,0.001571992,0.02467094,0.02904195,0.0007869928,0.00008417894,0.00006310114,0.00008972843,0.9320108],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.7489592,0.002564092,0.01944873,0.02715935,0.001381286,0.0003759275,0.0001385767,0.0001996569,0.1997731],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01729379,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.09145945,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00911019307672203,"score_gpt":0.2242963682674977,"score_spread":0.2151861751907757,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}