{"id":"W3121923072","doi":"","title":"Internal Vs. External Financing of R&D","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Innovation Policy and R&D","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"External financing; Business; Finance; Internal financing; Debt; Debt financing; Investment (military); Financial system; Empirical evidence; Capital (architecture); Risk financing; Capital market; Risk management","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001247652,0.0001028743,0.0002328262,0.0002722872,0.0001029506,0.00002769478,0.0002599848,0.00006603404,0.00008861726],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00006753932,0.0001079498,0.0001256671,0.0002158349,0.00004800353,0.0002209627,0.00002822408,0.0009264395,0.0001406221],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000611187,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0004558778,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004259624,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001026222,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980915,0.000007091002,0.0006527795,0.0001447785,0.00004803314,0.001055883],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992622,0.000009747849,0.0005147631,0.0001263038,0.00004986486,0.00003719588],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001952607,0.00005185109,0.003731484,0.000005626897,0.00003698872,0.000001873566,0.0001978118,0.0001867793,0.0001521506,0.994137,0.00002133079,0.001457503],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0009241845,0.0002121824,0.005874556,0.00003171277,0.000003219222,0.0002711518,0.0001144742,0.00003230309,0.001065576,0.9890079,0.002332225,0.000130544],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8049994,0.003581544,0.1764948,0.001584556,0.0005710675,0.00006580532,0.00001239402,0.00001668051,0.01267379],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9966028,0.000836639,0.0004586728,0.0002757488,0.000320197,0.000001513856,9.502341e-7,0.00001554007,0.00148794],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1916035,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4402064,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01346510034756134,"score_gpt":0.221808476273995,"score_spread":0.2083433759264336,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}