{"id":"W3121951084","doi":"","title":"Corruption, Public Expenditure, and Human Capital Accumulation","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","topic":"Corruption and Economic Development","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Human capital; Language change; Economics; Physical capital; Investment (military); Capital deepening; Capital Consumption Allowance; Capital (architecture); Distribution (mathematics); Monetary economics; Labour economics; Microeconomics; Financial capital; Capital formation; Market economy; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008273993,0.0003406298,0.0004830458,0.000834275,0.0003573053,0.001819798,0.0002287094,0.0006018288,0.0040678],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004970025,0.0001460111,0.0002965483,0.001503985,0.001149973,0.001255826,0.00104314,0.0006749031,0.0002598272],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001760682,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001082695,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005488379,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.004982901,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992839,0.0002364146,0.00003676247,0.00007751342,0.00009119221,0.0002742366],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9904197,0.003735876,0.004621578,0.0003676107,0.0004235663,0.0004315515],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005585272,0.0007758998,0.499959,0.000558459,0.0006230357,0.001239393,0.001568533,0.1698762,0.002498864,0.254589,0.003764036,0.06398902],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000988453,0.0004776354,0.6028427,0.0005162988,0.0003534561,0.0005989313,0.001913506,0.1114487,0.004789612,0.2598714,0.01695563,0.0001331318],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9508198,0.002895709,0.01222142,0.003686459,0.00004293256,0.00004178393,0.0005362449,0.00005047251,0.02970505],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9960392,0.0006871485,0.0003132148,0.00006544111,0.00002640404,0.00001014726,0.00008698342,0.000003094713,0.002768517],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.005488379,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.01360816,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1129892106047819,"score_gpt":0.3899078534013449,"score_spread":0.276918642796563,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}