{"id":"W3121957471","doi":"","title":"What a Difference Immigration Law Makes: PISA Results, Migration Background and Social Mobility in Europe and Traditional Countries of Immigration","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","topic":"Multilingual Education and Policy","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Immigration; Socioeconomic status; Political science; Social class; Social mobility; Demographic economics; Immigration law; Economic growth; Sociology; Demography; Economics; Population; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00272252,0.0002615412,0.0006842118,0.002277292,0.001674423,0.003634784,0.0006770997,0.0009685036,0.01747311],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009941589,0.0001294509,0.0009261757,0.003192086,0.001988471,0.002921106,0.003158435,0.001235516,0.001253494],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001358203,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001202593,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.03883264,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.03181518,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985398,0.000433744,0.00009642966,0.0001937132,0.0001998025,0.0005364833],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9925011,0.003489579,0.002025967,0.0003867741,0.0007179307,0.0008786854],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002331467,0.0001724234,0.9677596,0.00009078479,0.0001746217,0.0005917101,0.003527776,0.0004968828,0.00006921338,0.01278171,0.00321496,0.010887],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001876042,0.00009806789,0.967513,0.0001709542,0.0001510929,0.0001454585,0.02262655,0.0003884272,0.0001471735,0.002548595,0.006172619,0.0000193562],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9468429,0.002441345,0.0002745005,0.00913419,0.00009744758,0.00002199525,0.0009613315,0.00002211092,0.04020416],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965275,0.0004713167,0.0000609162,0.0004002077,0.00004804757,0.00001108536,0.0005316229,0.000007110603,0.001942179],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03883264,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07721323,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1167297996095104,"score_gpt":0.4200167675520837,"score_spread":0.3032869679425733,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}