{"id":"W3121958788","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3095686","title":"Tax-Exempt Lobbying: Corporate Philanthropy as a Tool for Political Influence","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Political Influence and Corporate Strategies","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":23,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"University of British Columbia; University of British Columbia Hospital","funders":"","keywords":"Politics; Corporate tax; Business; Accounting; Political science; Public economics; Law and economics; Economics; Tax reform; Law; Tax avoidance","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001085267,0.0002950654,0.000289739,0.0002076984,0.0006359701,0.0006635457,0.0005090006,0.0001269209,0.0001072023],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003868635,0.0002521889,0.0001665548,0.0003808267,0.0005056602,0.001810664,0.00009582113,0.0008683799,0.001025427],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003381289,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001637487,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004958709,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0002722632,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9944715,0.00001636399,0.0004737068,0.0003414072,0.0003376676,0.004359289],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9985527,0.00005620023,0.0004030083,0.0002421839,0.0006776946,0.00006814408],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001426004,0.00005172316,0.003483914,0.0000208795,0.00006171349,0.000009232656,0.000008457372,0.000004855382,0.0007703512,0.9937954,0.0006870899,0.0009637814],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007261322,0.0002675165,0.001344562,0.00003690082,0.00007534989,0.0001681087,0.0007780748,0.0002428804,0.00031114,0.9801192,0.01556063,0.0003694854],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9740202,0.0002013624,0.004729382,0.004250587,0.0004251963,0.0003315125,0.000006943944,0.0001408214,0.01589401],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9888035,0.00006427382,0.00007432166,0.005471715,0.004527494,0.00002499291,0.000009327585,0.00004076148,0.0009835961],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01491041,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.999993,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0262378434443173,"score_gpt":0.275469365028402,"score_spread":0.2492315215840847,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}