{"id":"W3122229593","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.2951105","title":"Tax Credits and Small Firm R&amp;D Spending","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Innovation Policy and R&D","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":0,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Quest University Canada; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Monetary economics; Tax credit; Economics; Business; Public economics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001057911,0.0001673279,0.0003244887,0.002319395,0.0005676919,0.002468795,0.000351929,0.001209474,0.0235995],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01537555,0.0002018646,0.0003619858,0.003737831,0.0008061155,0.001349911,0.0007928461,0.001720744,0.001809726],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002366666,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002091373,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.04015704,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.05148295,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9994373,0.0001282011,0.00003712621,0.00004651481,0.00007791578,0.0002729112],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9742007,0.01028409,0.009552998,0.000703703,0.001793259,0.003465286],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001696768,0.0003856368,0.9033002,0.0001008769,0.0001408797,0.0005392703,0.0003994321,0.008029957,0.0003338736,0.03300694,0.01822339,0.03384284],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001586123,0.0002833144,0.9207211,0.0001836853,0.0002116123,0.0005380799,0.002028083,0.009544583,0.001052477,0.03125386,0.03397528,0.00004924458],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9567488,0.002046711,0.0006314415,0.006106663,0.00008921519,0.00002638438,0.006916656,0.00006455842,0.0273696],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.986671,0.0006545154,0.00004081196,0.0001275349,0.00005743094,0.000006491956,0.001235388,0.00001140622,0.01119543],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.04015704,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07984662,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05870307362815571,"score_gpt":0.264010584496248,"score_spread":0.2053075108680923,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}