{"id":"W3122253417","doi":"10.3386/w23405","title":"Push and Pull: Disability Insurance, Regional Labor Markets, and Benefit Generosity in Canada and the United States","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"report","venue":"National Bureau of Economic Research","topic":"Retirement, Disability, and Employment","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University","funders":"Employment and Social Development Canada","keywords":"Generosity; Disability insurance; Labour economics; Business; Demographic economics; Economics; Political science; Law; Social security; Market economy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["sts"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01051096,0.0001574808,0.0004109097,0.0001343842,0.0006580187,0.0001652353,0.0003832573,0.0001625243,0.0000650322],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001665642,0.0001280553,0.00003943156,0.0001154948,0.003718066,0.0001492857,0.0002355276,0.000398771,5.344528e-7],"about_ca_system_candidate":true,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.003013492,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.005945577,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.990347,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9900422,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9968226,0.0004673212,0.0004895547,0.0004954442,0.001357932,0.0003671675],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.996721,0.00181603,0.0002518248,0.0002836245,0.0007683068,0.0001592027],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001602028,0.00003994771,0.951879,0.0001624584,0.00005558194,8.143536e-7,0.000484935,0.00002118648,4.732647e-7,0.03894085,0.00646429,0.001790268],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0005982959,0.00001357836,0.8322183,0.00006032531,0.000006157008,0.000001322538,0.0006453571,0.0001030252,0.000001188195,0.1424068,0.02382288,0.0001227297],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9600719,0.0013495,2.685435e-8,0.007140414,0.0001585439,0.0007263326,0.0003515556,0.000003355687,0.03019842],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9674972,0.03032624,0.000007985538,0.00004241979,0.0002006177,0.00008143471,0.0002038528,0.00001029034,0.001629975],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.1196607,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996898,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.4510320455822106,"score_gpt":0.5214608099736269,"score_spread":0.07042876439141627,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}