{"id":"W3122253417","doi":"10.3386/w23405","title":"Push and Pull: Disability Insurance, Regional Labor Markets, and Benefit Generosity in Canada and the United States","year":2017,"lang":"en","type":"report","venue":"National Bureau of Economic Research","topic":"Retirement, Disability, and Employment","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Wilfrid Laurier University","funders":"Employment and Social Development Canada","keywords":"Generosity; Disability insurance; Labour economics; Business; Demographic economics; Economics; Political science; Law; Social security; Market economy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001741273,0.0002811283,0.0006073985,0.001880345,0.002898595,0.002625277,0.001057831,0.0006603918,0.004532219],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005885336,0.0001902973,0.0007771853,0.003832609,0.001623845,0.0008809718,0.002425445,0.001436835,0.000203983],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.02398165,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.04448508,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9936779,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9965336,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9986088,0.0001286916,0.00004825641,0.000105699,0.0004116325,0.0006970357],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9948437,0.0009871238,0.0009806718,0.0001257881,0.001303619,0.001759109],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001297157,0.0001016433,0.9757081,0.00003036664,0.0001265043,0.0001377463,0.001314001,0.001515765,0.00008422574,0.004753135,0.004948473,0.01115041],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00003854625,0.00003382141,0.9773204,0.0001086943,0.0001915439,0.00005420539,0.01128095,0.003491123,0.0001874329,0.001232612,0.006021164,0.00003949175],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.982093,0.001413815,0.0001818467,0.004196821,0.00002792858,0.00004534406,0.002721307,0.00001362333,0.009306372],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9952382,0.0005945283,0.0001304598,0.00025667,0.00001192924,0.00001236759,0.001327485,0.000006770736,0.002421467],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02398165,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.1739999,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.4510320455822106,"score_gpt":0.5214608099736269,"score_spread":0.07042876439141627,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}