{"id":"W3122258279","doi":"10.1007/s11187-009-9190-x","title":"The survival and success of Canadian penny stock IPOs","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Small Business Economics","topic":"Corporate Finance and Governance","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":85,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Initial public offering; Business; Revenue; Finance; Stock (firearms); Intermediary; Listing (finance); Financial intermediary; Issuer; Monetary economics; Economics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0002046107,0.0001356019,0.0001875631,0.0001636813,0.0002166034,0.0002153154,0.0002848,0.00005193267,0.00001606166],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00004310674,0.00011643,0.0000311223,0.0004209064,0.00006746416,0.0005327588,0.00004300464,0.00006394184,0.00002280498],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0000301466,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0001068654,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.1233794,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.5063484,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9992628,0.000003023523,0.0002345777,0.0001952959,0.00003908552,0.0002652403],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992762,0.000026825,0.0002743191,0.0002426049,0.0001624129,0.00001768294],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001635014,0.00006403278,0.4691322,0.0001551484,0.00004415963,0.00001700976,0.00004260591,0.00133449,0.00008197795,0.4240757,0.004054331,0.1008349],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002851201,0.000005225384,0.846401,0.00001641114,0.00001420237,0.000001159436,0.00002197587,0.000802142,0.00000837207,0.002120257,0.1501697,0.0001544761],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.979679,0.0001213784,0.00003517235,0.006343786,0.0004509533,0.0001506056,0.00001255155,0.0000160295,0.01319049],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997978,0.0005509843,0.00002798643,0.0006857975,0.0003498697,0.000003926806,0.000009992733,0.00001337497,0.0003800912],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.4219554,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.8824581,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02356883797806119,"score_gpt":0.180966222213127,"score_spread":0.1573973842350658,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}