{"id":"W3122448629","doi":"10.1287/mnsc.2022.4544","title":"Physician Practice Style and Healthcare Costs: Evidence from Emergency Departments","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Management Science","topic":"Emergency and Acute Care Studies","field":"Medicine","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Emergency department; Health care; Variation (astronomy); Style (visual arts); Medicine; Family medicine; Psychology; Medical emergency; Nursing","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.000574189,0.0001180948,0.0001437581,0.0001078883,0.001014759,0.00002086319,0.0002525394,0.000008108463,0.0001797927],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0001450095,0.0001116371,0.00003279227,0.0008767931,0.0001544706,0.0004688667,0.0008318188,0.0001355492,0.00002184076],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002305281,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00003193621,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000348493,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00002685489,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980313,0.00006025799,0.0001968573,0.0005333327,0.0008652241,0.0003130875],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992972,0.00004220015,0.00009913719,0.000347365,0.0001005143,0.0001136047],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00117527,0.002253876,0.3287174,0.001106658,0.00118213,0.001494163,0.01768357,0.00008364865,0.01209433,0.03299401,0.2926591,0.3085559],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001839472,0.001766478,0.4006905,0.0003416316,0.0008333438,0.00002924351,0.08509169,0.0009491852,0.0009151138,0.001583017,0.5050354,0.0009249479],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8332589,0.02699178,0.0003928615,0.04936601,0.003144431,0.002272885,0.0000923324,0.0002263069,0.08425444],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9874284,0.005912947,0.001288606,0.004197972,0.00007276351,0.0001353383,0.00001003344,0.000008753737,0.0009452154],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3076309,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.780481,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02973342637188399,"score_gpt":0.3491659775413776,"score_spread":0.3194325511694937,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}