{"id":"W3122554475","doi":"10.1111/1911-3846.12160","title":"A Better Measure of Institutional Informed Trading","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Contemporary Accounting Research","topic":"Financial Markets and Investment Strategies","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Herding; Institutional investor; Extant taxon; Stock (firearms); Trading strategy; Private information retrieval; Financial economics; Business; Earnings; Insider trading; Empirical research; Predictive power; Accounting; Monetary economics; Economics; Finance; Corporate governance; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":true,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.00347232,0.000107532,0.0002941128,0.0004609691,0.0001746866,0.0001203973,0.0003260491,0.000100342,0.000095089],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001364784,0.0001125374,0.00007104358,0.0005157096,0.0003059902,0.00109363,0.0001021928,0.0002973391,0.0001509369],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001178832,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005875995,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0004342323,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009533695,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985973,0.0000332796,0.0005932202,0.0002531421,0.0001997181,0.0003233686],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9991022,0.0001140822,0.0002007396,0.0002409612,0.0002488172,0.00009316749],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001172983,0.00009712781,0.3000065,0.000132612,0.00004335292,0.000009742263,0.001051384,0.000005749142,0.0001085547,0.6356984,0.06135905,0.00137022],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002627433,0.0003405521,0.1279877,0.0003407142,0.000002251016,0.000008105825,0.001014375,0.002068003,0.0005057937,0.2171719,0.6473846,0.0005485655],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4830619,0.002564451,0.000105542,0.0009842552,0.0002517923,0.000207708,0.00003623716,0.00002403691,0.5127641],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9987402,0.00001968938,0.0003319202,0.0001579064,0.0001830131,0.00002357428,0.00002012923,0.00001315263,0.0005103949],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.5860255,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.458914,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2322377286591267,"score_gpt":0.3187123696775969,"score_spread":0.08647464101847022,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}