{"id":"W3122563199","doi":"10.1016/j.jbusres.2003.06.002","title":"Determinants of signaling by banks through loan loss provisions","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Business Research","topic":"Corporate Finance and Governance","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":129,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"McMaster University","funders":"Syracuse University","keywords":"Loan; Information asymmetry; Incentive; Earnings; Private information retrieval; Business; Discretion; Investment (military); Monetary economics; Economics; Finance; Microeconomics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003461451,0.0002209762,0.0003711203,0.0007568579,0.0006791986,0.003501096,0.0005825318,0.00234708,0.01098889],"category_scores_gemma":[0.03070698,0.0004435209,0.0002359969,0.0007316745,0.0009400178,0.001733638,0.0009242482,0.002688685,0.001802292],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000886719,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001180223,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.004266308,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.006727889,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9980958,0.0007538333,0.0001523387,0.0001643726,0.000239538,0.0005941517],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.8820671,0.07180769,0.03489052,0.002950294,0.002642165,0.005642204],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.002195326,0.0009398641,0.9576642,0.00004330144,0.0001431959,0.0003957427,0.00106938,0.005295724,0.004219442,0.008852887,0.003487958,0.01569297],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003467597,0.0008093228,0.9505478,0.00006971753,0.0003253355,0.0003643919,0.003698413,0.02450644,0.003937193,0.01242705,0.002906348,0.0000612166],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.99545,0.0000954739,0.0003563114,0.001648269,0.000008706608,0.00001450828,0.0001095016,0.00002280204,0.002294566],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9991905,0.00004000061,0.00003702046,0.00005263972,0.00001470394,0.00000281497,0.00003644526,0.000002319441,0.0006235593],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01098889,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03676152,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.07106184960568822,"score_gpt":0.3309322292819049,"score_spread":0.2598703796762166,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}