{"id":"W3122819202","doi":"10.1021/es900262w","title":"Assessment of Technologies to Meet a Low Carbon Fuel Standard","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Environmental Science & Technology","topic":"Biofuel production and bioconversion","field":"Engineering","cited_by":40,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Energy Foundation; California Air Resources Board","keywords":"Greenhouse gas; Biofuel; Cellulosic ethanol; Electrification; Electricity; Sustainability; Environmental economics; Subsidy; Portfolio; Natural resource economics; Waste management; Environmental science; Business; Engineering; Economics; Finance","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001504765,0.000110416,0.0001332657,0.0005226512,0.00005543519,0.000008567893,0.0003994237,0.0001250529,0.00002320283],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00001117282,0.0001006715,0.00002108898,0.0008245594,0.0006698451,0.00008509359,0.0001235078,0.0001139701,0.000007090526],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0003051012,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001414341,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.000001011338,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":7.336253e-7,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990432,0.00000323321,0.0001442225,0.0002745453,0.0002623983,0.0002724011],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9995995,0.000002211967,0.00002684042,0.0003275596,0.000004718887,0.00003913546],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000002419818,0.00003404416,0.002269181,0.00000832473,0.000002461333,0.000002046228,0.00003333271,0.000415062,0.9770511,0.0006929333,0.00006263737,0.01942649],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001768719,0.0004722126,0.01193972,0.00001459694,0.000004458657,0.00001204945,0.0007241049,0.001348797,0.9780242,0.002044238,0.005051418,0.00018728],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":"bench_or_experimental","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9915236,0.0002007255,0.0003649797,0.002404742,0.0001826659,0.0002169837,0.000006945305,0.0007107728,0.00438861],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9965631,0.0001006546,0.003265136,0.00003276244,0.000006777926,0.000006928514,5.440481e-7,0.000005098348,0.00001895834],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01923921,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.4105264,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.003575591041836304,"score_gpt":0.2100935302664965,"score_spread":0.2065179392246602,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}