{"id":"W3122849560","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.533183","title":"Hierarchies, Specialization, and the Utilization of Knowledge: Theory and Evidence from the Legal Services Industry","year":2004,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Occupational and Professional Licensing Regulation","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":2,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"Kellogg's (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Business; Legal service; Industrial organization; Knowledge management; Computer science; Political science; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002934473,0.0001791979,0.0004209085,0.00346832,0.00137496,0.002839318,0.0006934709,0.00124157,0.007446575],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0177197,0.0002162078,0.0003258304,0.005299368,0.004106546,0.002989692,0.001944249,0.0007051737,0.0003723259],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002505817,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002160834,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0380074,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.04571915,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9981841,0.0005977383,0.00009578573,0.0001932258,0.0005675016,0.0003616519],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9444062,0.03981657,0.009666572,0.001618347,0.00190834,0.002583855],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0006009117,0.0009355102,0.7289839,0.0005390065,0.0002950453,0.0005654211,0.01694716,0.006303548,0.00104872,0.09673772,0.003470883,0.1435723],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001464325,0.0001971082,0.8756823,0.000270801,0.0001405901,0.0002574947,0.01111914,0.005672535,0.0004277752,0.09708019,0.008963013,0.0000427589],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.970801,0.003443861,0.001204671,0.001525701,0.000005433396,0.00001327553,0.0001362554,0.000009251081,0.02286054],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.998448,0.00068737,0.0001513669,0.00006346278,0.0000118337,0.000004985535,0.00005716705,0.000001720416,0.0005740446],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0380074,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07557237,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.02324560543661193,"score_gpt":0.2575059797671465,"score_spread":0.2342603743305346,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}