{"id":"W3123002806","doi":"10.3386/w19133","title":"Some Simple Economics of Crowdfunding","year":2013,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"National Bureau of Economic Research","topic":"FinTech, Crowdfunding, Digital Finance","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":26,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada","keywords":"Equity crowdfunding; Due diligence; Reputation; Information asymmetry; Equity (law); Seed money; Economics; Transaction cost; Business; Marketing; Public economics; Finance; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaepi_narrow","insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002167695,0.0003073403,0.0006608253,0.001790032,0.0001242324,0.000471641,0.001251498,0.0003788379,0.0006086353],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0008590596,0.0003569482,0.0002737804,0.0002241308,0.0004133672,0.001753741,0.00227027,0.0007768284,0.0009515402],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0007460549,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0005395029,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003075996,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0001197263,"domain_scores_codex":[0.997161,0.00002086902,0.001068447,0.0007043848,0.0004974375,0.0005478371],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9969141,0.0004752185,0.0009905534,0.0004904955,0.001102772,0.0000267902],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00003412617,0.00007341987,0.003012035,0.0006766864,0.00009019795,7.083017e-7,0.00001114276,0.004428362,0.0002136536,0.9666094,0.02397833,0.0008719383],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000312141,0.00001483873,0.001629616,0.0001520739,0.000009864892,7.971897e-7,0.00003389888,0.01354007,0.0007415318,0.9722869,0.01098235,0.0002958638],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6671681,0.0003663532,0.00002423333,0.001027076,0.0009018173,0.0009815797,0.0001246086,0.00005598554,0.3293502],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9952887,0.0001330761,0.0002164965,0.00008559531,0.002155867,0.0001166574,0.0004240315,0.00006978577,0.001509823],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3281205,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9998882,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.260372802371523,"score_gpt":0.432850307222222,"score_spread":0.1724775048506989,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}