{"id":"W3123034959","doi":"","title":"Gangs and Crime Deterrence","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","topic":"Crime, Illicit Activities, and Governance","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University; Université du Québec à Montréal","funders":"","keywords":"Deterrence (psychology); Humanities; Political science; Criminology; Sociology; Philosophy; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001353494,0.0004837865,0.0006696542,0.001741863,0.001344077,0.003161047,0.0008094858,0.001432868,0.008793815],"category_scores_gemma":[0.003349803,0.0003188882,0.0007995798,0.00134089,0.00419088,0.001885263,0.002445759,0.001306258,0.0004594603],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002747637,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002423825,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.008589931,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01024121,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9984508,0.000803792,0.00003800563,0.0001683253,0.0001782295,0.0003610099],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9974514,0.000877347,0.0009434132,0.0001985644,0.0001975925,0.0003317144],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00002271982,0.00007730565,0.00796402,0.00004955097,0.00002986368,0.0001467977,0.0002962406,0.01404032,0.0001066555,0.9667163,0.001434165,0.009116097],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00008149766,0.0001992188,0.01563309,0.000144744,0.00005630252,0.0003056011,0.001311569,0.04081814,0.0002532548,0.9061012,0.03505024,0.00004514235],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.527239,0.008767053,0.1745857,0.02478709,0.0004257325,0.0003700443,0.0008838773,0.0001098604,0.2628315],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9786626,0.002566848,0.005936329,0.0003890395,0.0001100271,0.00007254403,0.00007678943,0.000009858974,0.01217608],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.008793815,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02941817,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05828360590818931,"score_gpt":0.3643876308863175,"score_spread":0.3061040249781282,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}