{"id":"W3123042577","doi":"10.1162/neco_a_01510","title":"Invariance, Encodings, and Generalization: Learning Identity Effects With Neural Networks","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Neural Computation","topic":"Neural Networks and Applications","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University; Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Identity (music); Computer science; Generalization; Inference; Artificial neural network; Adversarial system; Artificial intelligence; Class (philosophy); Theoretical computer science; Algorithm; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004599835,0.000871007,0.0007413586,0.0004911904,0.0005719024,0.001432614,0.001356384,0.001228616,0.002269007],"category_scores_gemma":[0.03213116,0.0005286292,0.0008896938,0.0004636757,0.004612823,0.006073928,0.003525807,0.003425592,0.0002426707],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001240553,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006331321,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001325209,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001099314,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9978548,0.0009803434,0.0001138295,0.0004681603,0.0004087335,0.0001741852],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9865807,0.008121151,0.001187839,0.003337319,0.0005158409,0.0002570871],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004017592,0.0002019266,0.00453414,0.0002264099,0.0001454423,0.0002136483,0.0006427871,0.3901068,0.01210713,0.4203813,0.001831238,0.1692076],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00002787731,0.0001156381,0.0007500545,0.00002839989,0.00002337865,0.00005367485,0.00004118841,0.5710805,0.005092997,0.4220484,0.0007199919,0.00001791548],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.1141637,0.0003512067,0.8771364,0.001265137,0.00007580708,0.00007173493,0.0001105721,0.0004694397,0.006356078],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9125618,0.0002554008,0.08495099,0.0003097496,0.00006976624,0.00009806785,0.0001137689,0.0001257243,0.001514712],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.004599835,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02432656,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00921551634621746,"score_gpt":0.2305988421935664,"score_spread":0.221383325847349,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}