{"id":"W3123042577","doi":"10.1162/neco_a_01510","title":"Invariance, Encodings, and Generalization: Learning Identity Effects With Neural Networks","year":2022,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Neural Computation","topic":"Neural Networks and Applications","field":"Computer Science","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Simon Fraser University; Concordia University","funders":"","keywords":"Identity (music); Computer science; Generalization; Inference; Artificial neural network; Adversarial system; Artificial intelligence; Class (philosophy); Theoretical computer science; Algorithm; Mathematics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001349578,0.0001274392,0.0001215388,0.00006472209,0.0008778753,0.0003008602,0.000294901,0.0000212106,0.000004904457],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000007019108,0.000122006,0.00002509333,0.000766945,0.00003125036,0.0007741178,0.0003330645,0.0002920148,0.000001174718],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00003009004,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001135127,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.00002649355,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.000009960818,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9987942,0.0001876286,0.0001577557,0.0003808725,0.0002746104,0.0002049107],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9994852,0.0001196207,0.0001346499,0.0001389172,0.00005119029,0.00007042516],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_gemma":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_scores_codex":[0.000006367766,0.00001602192,0.00240972,0.000007818351,0.000004773508,0.00001324503,0.0001035863,0.9607536,0.0001727168,0.01714566,0.0002477922,0.01911874],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0002997831,0.0001949832,0.007900714,0.000003973768,0.000007507214,0.00008211422,0.000009524347,0.9898453,0.00002697762,0.001161629,0.0003212844,0.0001462253],"study_design_candidate":"simulation_or_modeling","study_design_consensus":"simulation_or_modeling","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2841163,0.0001437888,0.7143746,0.0006545475,0.0002317324,0.0002269405,4.15e-7,0.0001804568,0.000071247],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9944796,0.00001081903,0.004411714,0.0008206788,0.0001136565,0.00007459868,0.00002526554,0.00001167426,0.0000519707],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7103633,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6751995,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.00921551634621746,"score_gpt":0.2305988421935664,"score_spread":0.221383325847349,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}