{"id":"W3123055229","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1447374","title":"Racial Discrimination and Competition","year":2009,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"SSRN Electronic Journal","topic":"Corporate Finance and Governance","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":false,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Competition (biology); Wage; Deregulation; Labour economics; Prejudice (legal term); Quarter (Canadian coin); Economics; Barriers to entry; Business; Market economy; Political science","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001372043,0.0001217417,0.0002875142,0.0008625733,0.003982026,0.003559533,0.0002890195,0.001626911,0.02357322],"category_scores_gemma":[0.005120201,0.00009283221,0.0001798431,0.001069832,0.002584635,0.00137289,0.001453294,0.001133538,0.0009873342],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009923677,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001485352,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01248307,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02978569,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985486,0.0005523627,0.00003127071,0.0001378065,0.0002112913,0.0005186958],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9968094,0.0009653481,0.0005407601,0.0001536145,0.0003611851,0.001169544],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0004134177,0.001180083,0.2214655,0.0000806368,0.0000990191,0.0006403255,0.01935654,0.0002798413,0.0004599867,0.666657,0.03190089,0.05746679],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001176856,0.0002919414,0.4890394,0.0003410597,0.000114409,0.0007783026,0.05565146,0.0006198911,0.0003776302,0.321115,0.1314877,0.00006548332],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.6891369,0.003464798,0.0002880689,0.02608865,0.0003215644,0.0000154584,0.0001897337,0.000004142339,0.2804908],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.991771,0.0003603541,0.00003386581,0.001292095,0.00008718806,0.000003990335,0.00002386469,0.00000263575,0.006425051],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.02357322,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07886028,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.007388939549395499,"score_gpt":0.2042243543543433,"score_spread":0.1968354148049478,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}