{"id":"W3123075766","doi":"10.1111/j.1467-9779.2005.00208.x","title":"Trading Off Tax Distortion and Tax Evasion","year":2005,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Public Economic Theory","topic":"Fiscal Policy and Economic Growth","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":43,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Queen's University","funders":"","keywords":"Distortion (music); Economics; Tax evasion; Evasion (ethics); Observable; Microeconomics; Indirect tax; Income tax; Monetary economics; Tax reform; Public economics; Physics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.003452593,0.0008650594,0.001510265,0.0007840575,0.0008087657,0.004167701,0.001626829,0.002755529,0.006348092],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01704057,0.0005159508,0.001027602,0.000958137,0.003132947,0.003950886,0.00236211,0.003600625,0.0005371507],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.004152162,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001930692,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.003497039,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002724843,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9975746,0.0008981933,0.0001451866,0.0003170533,0.0006220441,0.0004428663],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9937993,0.002174539,0.001760827,0.001429966,0.0004274454,0.0004079946],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001549943,0.0001039418,0.0024885,0.00005833176,0.00008306332,0.0002101205,0.0001732959,0.09747529,0.00065075,0.8764574,0.001758874,0.02038542],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00007722001,0.0001120842,0.002053482,0.00008252577,0.00006115577,0.0002845451,0.0001573227,0.1887302,0.0008882287,0.7996035,0.007899024,0.00005066985],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4045212,0.003530955,0.3974712,0.01111285,0.0003781118,0.0003643111,0.0005562884,0.0005213894,0.1815438],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.981326,0.0004410762,0.006147147,0.0001648447,0.00006833434,0.00004666824,0.00004597706,0.00004281167,0.01171732],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.006348092,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03012621,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03360636205239091,"score_gpt":0.2206190417427551,"score_spread":0.1870126796903642,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}