{"id":"W3123159359","doi":"","title":"POLARIZATION: CONCEPTS, MEASUREMENT, ESTIMATION 1","year":2002,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"","topic":"Income, Poverty, and Inequality","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":1,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Polarization (electrochemistry); Estimator; Inference; Statistical inference; Statistical physics; Econometrics; Sampling distribution; Population; Mathematics; Computer science; Statistics; Physics; Sociology; Artificial intelligence; Chemistry","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.007819968,0.001360335,0.001640109,0.005107521,0.00216175,0.006942172,0.001564768,0.002806541,0.005623656],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0229033,0.0008333832,0.001017048,0.01223026,0.01229958,0.01067227,0.00416779,0.006106055,0.001830049],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.002520102,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001433452,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001774973,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.0007567652,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9908581,0.005769331,0.0003420963,0.001080578,0.001573442,0.0003764599],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9803481,0.01438314,0.001794871,0.001537106,0.001612443,0.0003244493],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001084619,0.00002090066,0.001387455,0.0001810081,0.00002223351,0.0000628011,0.0005238256,0.00146328,0.0001214207,0.9569618,0.005144192,0.0341002],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000001909121,0.000009199377,0.0006310712,0.0001062538,0.000008124301,0.0001475629,0.000200246,0.002501078,0.00008669202,0.9791806,0.01711262,0.00001455487],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"methods","genre_scores_codex":[0.01700377,0.06116318,0.8218496,0.01694193,0.001584817,0.0001265329,0.0008430406,0.0002991857,0.08018798],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.6865547,0.07084184,0.2127522,0.004454104,0.007971703,0.0007085224,0.001333988,0.0003805601,0.01500239],"genre_candidate":"methods","genre_consensus":"methods","teacher_disagreement_score":0.007819968,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.04135644,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1205097777717579,"score_gpt":0.3616432879569535,"score_spread":0.2411335101851956,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}