{"id":"W3123218790","doi":"10.3386/w9881","title":"The Effect of Schooling and Ability on Achievement Test Scores","year":2003,"lang":"en","type":"report","venue":"National Bureau of Economic Research","topic":"School Choice and Performance","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":66,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Kellogg's (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Test (biology); Psychology; Mathematics education; Achievement test; Econometrics; Statistics; Demographic economics; Mathematics; Economics; Standardized test; Biology","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["metaresearch"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.02346864,0.0001122203,0.0002752623,0.0002176905,0.0005939465,0.00007841297,0.0003861587,0.0002007513,0.0001092839],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01178113,0.0000809568,0.00008857536,0.0001434675,0.0007329232,0.0001081287,0.00006519462,0.0005942627,0.00002839609],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0009464097,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.002958535,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005729693,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.002294268,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9967571,0.0004959193,0.0004342344,0.0002814189,0.001736072,0.000295221],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9898081,0.008815605,0.0002419845,0.0002199552,0.0008301081,0.00008427],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0003484932,0.0001242696,0.7817273,0.0007034315,0.0002453269,0.000001029039,0.0004096051,0.0002587256,0.0001217965,0.08733778,0.1135043,0.01521792],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001954373,0.002997,0.1937703,0.001133895,0.00006258312,0.000004462529,0.0006410379,0.0001589659,0.004237263,0.1493445,0.6449821,0.0007135124],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"other","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.2736768,0.002326297,1.427787e-7,0.001477495,0.0004823806,0.000830394,0.0000509597,0.000006957868,0.7211486],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9878456,0.007659978,0.00001247526,0.000008840915,0.0008707862,0.00006857561,0.00002080207,0.0000114338,0.003501513],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.7176471,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.996543,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.233147340714783,"score_gpt":0.5329974468118477,"score_spread":0.2998501060970648,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}