{"id":"W3123239579","doi":"10.3390/languages6010015","title":"How the CEFR Is Impacting French-as-a-Second-Language in Ontario, Canada: Teachers’ Self-Reported Instructional Practices and Students’ Proficiency Exam Results","year":2021,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Languages","topic":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","field":"Arts and Humanities","cited_by":7,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Language proficiency; Psychology; Exploratory research; Second language; Mathematics education; Medical education; Medicine; Sociology; Linguistics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":["insufficient_payload"],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006288539,0.0001634151,0.0001700922,0.00005623989,0.0004860878,0.0006677082,0.0001682117,0.00004962411,0.001234233],"category_scores_gemma":[0.000850794,0.0001195008,0.0000336556,0.00005646671,0.00006809676,0.0003163649,0.00008715932,0.0007778704,0.000002561511],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0002042821,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0006427593,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9531257,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9960263,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985494,0.0001946818,0.0002468645,0.0003381337,0.0003950841,0.0002758167],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9989859,0.0002609612,0.0003802206,0.0002469408,0.00006621595,0.00005977641],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"qualitative","study_design_gemma":"qualitative","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001136036,0.00009655405,0.1192051,0.00002652545,0.0001759524,0.0005341088,0.8727418,0.000002504192,0.0003694569,0.000919538,0.002901381,0.003015793],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0007638248,0.00005980273,0.3368656,0.00007805652,0.00007123878,0.0002108376,0.4887874,0.00001515775,0.0003216476,0.00003593812,0.1724975,0.0002929867],"study_design_candidate":"qualitative","study_design_consensus":"qualitative","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9616022,0.001114482,2.441719e-7,0.002147274,0.0002466507,0.0001177048,0.0000232543,0.00005935816,0.0346889],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9411195,0.000007956286,0.0001104608,0.0004907945,0.0002824022,0.00001000494,0.00003689684,0.00001471036,0.05792731],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.3839543,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.9996788,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.0323978166539227,"score_gpt":0.2799851637662888,"score_spread":0.2475873471123661,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}