{"id":"W3123381701","doi":"","title":"Productivity trends from 1890 to 2012 in advanced countries","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","topic":"Economic Growth and Productivity","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":8,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Productivity; LEAPS; Convergence (economics); Economics; World War II; Kondratiev wave; Order (exchange); Development economics; Political science; Economic growth; Macroeconomics; Finance","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0009140148,0.0005327297,0.0004923543,0.007775179,0.0003811952,0.002187109,0.0003170125,0.0004578633,0.003798039],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004920369,0.0001649138,0.0007008688,0.0126046,0.0004005192,0.001492859,0.001043246,0.0007642301,0.002057927],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001131661,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000626593,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01045478,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.005387015,"domain_scores_codex":[0.999286,0.00005995272,0.00008886475,0.0001644246,0.0001424514,0.0002583007],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9966217,0.0004129634,0.001355783,0.0001538658,0.001120073,0.0003354839],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005213255,0.00009655699,0.8371732,0.0009145826,0.0003148497,0.0005508695,0.004469878,0.006835525,0.001514443,0.01037513,0.01714502,0.1200886],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000007952676,0.00009186728,0.9615297,0.0001245534,0.00003840153,0.0002198875,0.0008841521,0.0006197031,0.0004111846,0.0004143524,0.03563378,0.00002443348],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9313816,0.007524485,0.001657261,0.001151954,0.0001873728,0.00002958912,0.03493501,0.0002195973,0.02291296],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9667131,0.004928313,0.0008242606,0.0001182893,0.0002369318,0.00004995211,0.0211638,0.00004659683,0.005918899],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01045478,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.02078784,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03626759917468963,"score_gpt":0.2868702600250032,"score_spread":0.2506026608503136,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}