{"id":"W3123432951","doi":"10.1017/s0922156516000479","title":"Toleration, Synthesis or Replacement? The ‘Empirical Turn’ and its Consequences for the Science of International Law","year":2016,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Leiden Journal of International Law","topic":"International Law and Human Rights","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":12,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Centre for International Governance Innovation","funders":"","keywords":"Toleration; Scholarship; Epistemology; Argument (complex analysis); Normative; Empirical research; Order (exchange); Sociology; Law and economics; Political science; Law; Politics; Philosophy; Economics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.002465284,0.000100602,0.0001507287,0.00009753401,0.0007963097,0.0002718131,0.001320535,0.0000454169,0.0007145189],"category_scores_gemma":[0.001658468,0.00004289514,0.0001117043,0.00007105921,0.002176341,0.0009576457,0.00007994582,0.000102214,0.00000638636],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0001732693,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.000471055,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0001818085,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00133208,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9977105,0.000105254,0.0005696496,0.0001647724,0.001275318,0.0001744579],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9946371,0.002422534,0.0005896363,0.0001064471,0.002169251,0.00007498336],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002701799,0.0000330334,0.0001831079,0.000002437836,0.0001260556,0.000003417216,0.000874418,0.00001002177,0.001660551,0.9961472,0.0004650954,0.0002244892],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.001721453,0.0004197902,0.002310353,0.0005844461,0.0001473567,0.0002698603,0.001305003,0.000426466,0.05769489,0.5435335,0.3912416,0.0003452142],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.4626598,0.0005778522,0.003188104,0.3490753,0.008511603,0.001033426,0.0002495232,0.00003377412,0.1746707],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9911085,0.0001447932,0.0003040825,0.0008776471,0.0009429779,0.00001771383,6.379495e-7,0.000006346002,0.006597329],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5284486,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.801882,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.08795898389310242,"score_gpt":0.3717809429705813,"score_spread":0.2838219590774789,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}