{"id":"W3123470888","doi":"10.3386/w18234","title":"Competition and Ideological Diversity: Historical Evidence from US Newspapers","year":2012,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"National Bureau of Economic Research","topic":"Media Influence and Politics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":15,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; University of Chicago; Booth School of Business, University of Chicago; Neubauer Family Foundation; Ewing Marion Kauffman Foundation; National Science Foundation","keywords":"Newspaper; Ideology; Competition (biology); Diversity (politics); Political science; History; Media studies; Economic geography; Political economy; Geography; Sociology; Biology; Politics; Ecology; Law","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001888833,0.0001547876,0.0002943012,0.004146035,0.001284125,0.001985718,0.0003249432,0.000635273,0.00502959],"category_scores_gemma":[0.009384009,0.000226843,0.0001355705,0.005243535,0.001696713,0.001831466,0.0009720594,0.0008755648,0.0004532241],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.001199831,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0003356521,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.01555236,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.02337313,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9988984,0.0003626784,0.00006876446,0.0002105776,0.0003026525,0.000156969],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9771686,0.01342807,0.005607009,0.000581643,0.002286162,0.0009285538],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0005697483,0.0003983106,0.8426807,0.0003980607,0.0001951922,0.0011115,0.03091971,0.0007892848,0.001535681,0.02583848,0.008116122,0.08744735],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0000354337,0.0001398137,0.9502912,0.0002229455,0.00007523186,0.0004388196,0.01149806,0.0009851874,0.001015572,0.003661538,0.0315927,0.00004350542],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9756048,0.004633784,0.0003152259,0.001359289,0.00001810842,0.000007807103,0.0005357851,0.000004278711,0.01752086],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.997409,0.001367633,0.0001150379,0.0001301174,0.00007869465,0.00000366898,0.0002687883,0.000004945777,0.0006221117],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01555236,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.03092366,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.5843448198323209,"score_gpt":0.5362668643620855,"score_spread":0.04807795547023541,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}