{"id":"W3123596990","doi":"10.1111/ecca.12141","title":"Patent Licensing and Entry Deterrence: The Role of Low Royalties","year":2015,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Economica","topic":"Intellectual Property and Patents","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":20,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Toronto Metropolitan University","funders":"","keywords":"Deterrence theory; Business; Industrial organization; Welfare; Barriers to entry; Consumer welfare; Commerce; Economics; Market structure; Market economy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0001540258,0.00006704227,0.0000924136,0.0000350106,0.00006597534,0.00009592265,0.000101995,0.00002585385,0.0001220785],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0000433184,0.000044597,0.00002373023,0.00002998249,0.00005701383,0.0002341612,0.0001075814,0.00005327211,0.0002709202],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000009091092,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00001029932,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0003950928,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00004188095,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9996129,0.000005825553,0.0001348148,0.00009907087,0.00003638841,0.0001109569],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9997509,0.00002046207,0.00008224411,0.00009864527,0.00003936162,0.000008431493],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"design_other","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001259377,0.0004150641,0.4117793,0.0004875214,0.000351778,0.000009027976,0.01196449,0.001507429,0.003063344,0.02059914,0.05961905,0.4889445],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.002261114,0.0001067755,0.02379234,0.0002923996,0.0001178838,0.00001174992,0.01032098,0.3094955,0.01068333,0.02430566,0.6176892,0.0009230023],"study_design_candidate":"not_applicable","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9498478,0.0002615198,0.000003928838,0.000213449,0.0002207115,0.00007593972,5.231706e-7,0.00001492141,0.04936123],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9988507,0.0000121232,0.00001689272,0.0005021509,0.0002919456,0.000002239559,0.000002490942,0.000006866555,0.0003145782],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.5580702,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.3482221,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.1117061059008568,"score_gpt":0.1897731523109799,"score_spread":0.0780670464101231,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}