{"id":"W3123611819","doi":"10.3386/w25236","title":"Long Time Out: Unemployment and Joblessness in Canada and the United States","year":2018,"lang":"en","type":"preprint","venue":"National Bureau of Economic Research","topic":"Employment and Welfare Studies","field":"Health Professions","cited_by":3,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"McGill University; University of Toronto","funders":"","keywords":"Unemployment; Demographic economics; Economics; Labour economics; Economic growth","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0008496438,0.0003817593,0.0006228876,0.003244674,0.004773093,0.002644218,0.001460535,0.0006898075,0.003988988],"category_scores_gemma":[0.004002781,0.0002658701,0.0007585114,0.008150692,0.001164577,0.0007860197,0.002315433,0.001410081,0.0003386012],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.03791039,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.04822146,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9985702,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9991559,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9990039,0.00007169251,0.00004112771,0.0001141794,0.0002616507,0.0005074516],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9965782,0.0002820525,0.0006739522,0.00009902673,0.001252395,0.001114397],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001608937,0.00009478552,0.9714758,0.00006675396,0.0001199122,0.0001800491,0.002939381,0.001449813,0.0001123196,0.00234185,0.008097441,0.012961],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.00001552517,0.00001924282,0.9863133,0.000113258,0.00005566216,0.00004469135,0.006295627,0.0022209,0.00007678558,0.0002489251,0.004558122,0.00003791336],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9809247,0.001811139,0.0001999274,0.001615478,0.00004053868,0.00003512362,0.008885063,0.00002144939,0.006466608],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9914041,0.0009541983,0.0001576479,0.0002265432,0.0000126459,0.00001531761,0.005185341,0.00001352647,0.002030674],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.03791039,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2750604,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.2616837572209687,"score_gpt":0.5231495275863133,"score_spread":0.2614657703653446,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}