{"id":"W3123713377","doi":"10.1111/j.1468-2354.2008.00520.x","title":"SOCIALLY IMPROVING TAX REFORMS*","year":2008,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"International Economic Review","topic":"Income, Poverty, and Inequality","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":31,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Bank of Canada; Université Laval","funders":"","keywords":"Poverty; Economics; Public economics; Commodity; Welfare; Social Welfare; Estimator; Welfare reform; Economic growth; Political science; Market economy","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.004061129,0.0004862165,0.0008294793,0.002553877,0.0006758641,0.001779324,0.0005913397,0.0006108531,0.01063573],"category_scores_gemma":[0.01645842,0.000187163,0.0006284404,0.00240904,0.00130301,0.001526187,0.0009434273,0.001087834,0.0005616396],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0021833,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.001442661,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.005039868,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.01133693,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9957114,0.002443646,0.000136148,0.00060257,0.0006459649,0.0004602502],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9916438,0.003518355,0.002983898,0.0007618427,0.0008948477,0.0001971284],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_gemma":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0001645502,0.00009788044,0.03240798,0.0002862105,0.0002304957,0.00009185261,0.0004000083,0.04103658,0.0008745372,0.7365709,0.01317561,0.1746633],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0001329242,0.0002993408,0.08373154,0.0001810791,0.0002964872,0.0001979205,0.001058132,0.1160395,0.002982946,0.7379956,0.05697826,0.0001062613],"study_design_candidate":"theoretical_or_conceptual","study_design_consensus":"theoretical_or_conceptual","genre_codex":"methods","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.3308115,0.001810852,0.5222727,0.01027302,0.0002947587,0.0006918074,0.006058151,0.001671857,0.1261155],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9718141,0.000372252,0.02450861,0.0003237351,0.00006572694,0.00009320208,0.0004291966,0.00003890065,0.002354305],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":null,"teacher_disagreement_score":0.01063573,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.0355801,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.05321859531568943,"score_gpt":0.3433246649732642,"score_spread":0.2901060696575748,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}