{"id":"W3123722107","doi":"10.1111/0022-1082.00401","title":"Characteristics of Risk and Return in Risk Arbitrage","year":2001,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"The Journal of Finance","topic":"Financial Markets and Investment Strategies","field":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance","cited_by":726,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"Kellogg's (Canada)","funders":"","keywords":"Arbitrage; Risk arbitrage; Index arbitrage; Transaction cost; Uncorrelated; Economics; Risk–return spectrum; Financial economics; Fixed income arbitrage; Econometrics; Market risk; Business; Arbitrage pricing theory; Capital asset pricing model; Mathematics; Microeconomics; Statistics","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.001355375,0.00009047178,0.0003772754,0.0001204174,0.00005431054,0.00001643584,0.0001864614,0.00005026793,0.00002871058],"category_scores_gemma":[0.0003311467,0.00007077472,0.00005723234,0.0001867554,0.0001149691,0.0001963822,0.00002405806,0.0003468559,0.000005038033],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.00002141429,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.00002066648,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.0002608638,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.00003574689,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9989563,0.00003911821,0.0007436248,0.0000813023,0.00003509445,0.0001446193],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9981912,0.0001317768,0.001464512,0.0001567344,0.00003399099,0.00002179462],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"observational","study_design_scores_codex":[0.0002041807,0.00007544563,0.9481333,0.00001754196,0.00001653111,0.00001604054,0.0009698329,0.00002318014,0.00002040566,0.04523007,0.0002436681,0.005049727],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0003720852,0.0001325805,0.9344666,0.00005305412,0.000009186457,0.00002559858,0.00004782956,0.0002466224,0.0000250319,0.05705469,0.007488405,0.00007830406],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":"observational","genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9899583,0.005464814,0.000299039,0.000195773,0.0001924766,0.0000533746,0.00006061518,0.000001713991,0.003773883],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9282078,0.07132152,0.0002529028,0.00005362914,0.00007576268,5.690414e-7,2.617386e-7,0.000007068523,0.00008048114],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.0658567,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.2886109,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01629637676522713,"score_gpt":0.1990869522136129,"score_spread":0.1827905754483858,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}