{"id":"W3123781739","doi":"10.1111/jbfa.12406","title":"Measuring executive personality using machine‐learning algorithms: A new approach and audit fee‐based validation tests","year":2019,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"Journal of Business Finance &amp Accounting","topic":"Auditing, Earnings Management, Governance","field":"Business, Management and Accounting","cited_by":74,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"University of Waterloo; Simon Fraser University","funders":"Social Sciences and Humanities Research Council of Canada; Grantová Agentura České Republiky","keywords":"Agreeableness; Conscientiousness; Big Five personality traits; Extraversion and introversion; Personality; Executive compensation; Psychology; Alternative five model of personality; Machine learning; Accounting; Social psychology; Business; Computer science","routes":{"ca_aff":true,"ca_fund":true,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":false,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":false},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061c","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.01504203,0.0007197319,0.0005439755,0.002047414,0.0004453594,0.001610061,0.000996022,0.001097952,0.001328184],"category_scores_gemma":[0.04791729,0.0002526996,0.0006594515,0.001420757,0.0006261402,0.001542771,0.001188132,0.00127597,0.0004762968],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.000572075,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0007484883,"about_ca_topic_candidate":false,"about_ca_topic_consensus":false,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.001699908,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.001785766,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9909796,0.005620095,0.0007278412,0.0006350557,0.00180225,0.0002352518],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9539919,0.02807043,0.003539188,0.00585053,0.007581559,0.0009663496],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_scores_codex":[0.001772505,0.002924982,0.6846216,0.0001649554,0.000688959,0.0001528963,0.0005338342,0.05484041,0.004331293,0.004042334,0.002503743,0.2434225],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.000198956,0.001673369,0.2686848,0.00007577705,0.0001081324,0.000204904,0.0002577968,0.7187645,0.004459904,0.003567086,0.001945049,0.00005964656],"study_design_candidate":"bench_or_experimental","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.8871171,0.0002191711,0.1072755,0.0002713028,0.00009487751,0.000493573,0.0007508303,0.0004220284,0.003355645],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.9649877,0.00004507511,0.03283682,0.00005688542,0.00003057955,0.0002777546,0.000992956,0.00001896357,0.0007532336],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.01504203,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.07955074,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.03574077616820535,"score_gpt":0.2355559062625778,"score_spread":0.1998151300943724,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}