{"id":"W3124142953","doi":"","title":"Temporary Foreign Workers in Canada: Are They Really Filling Labour Shortages?","year":2014,"lang":"en","type":"article","venue":"C.D. Howe Institute Commentary","topic":"Migration and Labor Dynamics","field":"Social Sciences","cited_by":4,"is_retracted":false,"has_abstract":true,"ca_institutions":"","funders":"","keywords":"Economic shortage; Incentive; Labour economics; Unemployment; Productivity; Business; Economics; Demographic economics; Economic growth; Market economy","routes":{"ca_aff":false,"ca_fund":false,"ca_venue":false,"about_ca":true,"invisible_to_affiliation_only":true},"retraction":null,"screen":null,"direct_labels":[],"prediction":{"model_version":"codex-gemma-dda1882f352a","candidate_categories":[],"consensus_categories":[],"category_scores_codex":[0.0006086915,0.0001541293,0.00020773,0.00008752538,0.0004397109,0.00006856109,0.0004056931,0.00007876171,0.0001412541],"category_scores_gemma":[0.00009428945,0.0001552672,0.00004284533,0.0002828366,0.0001077676,0.0003902728,0.00005915626,0.0002533185,0.000005598979],"about_ca_system_candidate":false,"about_ca_system_consensus":false,"about_ca_system_score_codex":0.0008106246,"about_ca_system_score_gemma":0.0009770542,"about_ca_topic_candidate":true,"about_ca_topic_consensus":true,"about_ca_topic_score_codex":0.9761802,"about_ca_topic_score_gemma":0.9995751,"domain_scores_codex":[0.9985071,0.0001997883,0.0002994356,0.0002446013,0.0003615465,0.0003874754],"domain_scores_gemma":[0.9992726,0.0001003352,0.0001310939,0.0002537943,0.00005326909,0.0001889393],"domain_codex":null,"domain_gemma":null,"domain_candidate":null,"domain_consensus":null,"study_design_codex":"observational","study_design_gemma":"not_applicable","study_design_scores_codex":[0.00001594983,0.00003557226,0.9288202,0.00001335991,0.00001682776,0.00004439579,0.001807705,0.001313686,0.000003888842,0.01410572,0.05070215,0.003120541],"study_design_scores_gemma":[0.0006659412,0.00002399998,0.1037534,0.000201911,0.00001400305,0.000001336477,0.05682692,0.001922362,0.00001181236,0.001648066,0.8344462,0.0004840277],"study_design_candidate":"observational","study_design_consensus":null,"genre_codex":"empirical","genre_gemma":"empirical","genre_scores_codex":[0.9525014,0.00009939489,0.0003127686,0.01984537,0.0008127142,0.00030571,0.00006216225,0.00006345879,0.02599708],"genre_scores_gemma":[0.98498,0.0002114075,0.0003565667,0.01361647,0.0002513916,0.00001809884,0.0001156204,0.00001371355,0.0004366636],"genre_candidate":"empirical","genre_consensus":"empirical","teacher_disagreement_score":0.8250668,"threshold_uncertainty_score":0.6331611,"prediction_status":"machine_predicted_unvalidated"},"machine_scores":{"provisional":true,"baseline":true,"maturity_gate_passed":false,"score_opus":0.01959074037764621,"score_gpt":0.2572935099426621,"score_spread":0.2377027695650159,"validation_status":"score_only:v0-immature-baseline","note":"Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed). Scores rank; they never assert a category."}}